People’s Daily: The People’s Republic of China established the great historical significance
 
Core Tip: founding of the PRC to achieve the unprecedented national unity, laid the economic foundation of socialism, established the basic political system in China to improve China’s international status, opened a new era in the history of a great national rejuvenation. The establishment of New China has not only changed the direction of development of Chinese history, but also profoundly affected the development process of world history.

People’s Daily reported that September 1 this year, October 1, is the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic. This is a very worthy of celebration. The establishment of the People’s Republic of China a great event in history, but also a great event in world history. This great event has changed the direction of development of Chinese history, but also profoundly affected the development process of world history.

Modern China: aggression in the semi-feudal society under the

To illustrate the establishment of the PRC’s great historical significance, we must first look back before the founding of new China, China and the world.

China is one of the oldest ancient civilizations, only the feudal society has experienced over two thousand years. By the year 1840, the British launched the Opium War of aggression against China, China entered the modern. From 1840 to 1949 of 109 years, is China’s dramatic period of unprecedented social change is China’s backwardness beaten and gradually became a semi-feudal society of the period, the Chinese people continue to wake up in the face of the nation from peril, to national independence, democracy and modernization and to resist the imperialist aggression and the feudal rule of the period, China’s shift from the old democratic revolution period of the new-democratic revolution, is the old China into a crucial period of New China.

In August 1842, the Qing government defeat in the Opium War, was forced to sign the unequal “Treaty of Nanking.” Since then, China fitted with a yoke of the unequal treaty system. At that time, Western capitalism is in the rising period, eager to find a colony in the world and open up world markets to promote the free development of capitalism as imperialism, do not hesitate to wage war, including the first half of the 20th century, waged two world wars. China because of a long stick to the feudal system, in particular the implementation of seafaring prohibition policy of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, people’s eyes closed, Zheng He’s voyages, as a magnificent scenario can not be reproduced. Although there were early Qing Kangxi and Qianlong situation, but he was still in the feudal society, the development of the basic political and economic system than capitalism, the productivity gains achieved, the Chinese in general is lagging significantly behind. This makes China a sudden the face of Western forces to invade, when beaten in a passive position. All the world’s developing capitalist country after another, from China who want to partition a fat. Especially the Sino-Japanese War, the European powers saw the rise of the East just a small country, Japan defeated China, they believe that China has been lying in the eastern giant “couch of death” on the partition of the giant “legacy” the time has come, we have in the China to seize the leased territory, dividing up spheres of influence, access to a variety of political and economic interests. The Qing imperial court maintained a nominally independent status, but China’s virtually on the verge of being carved up position. In modern Chinese history, China’s capital three times by foreign armed forces in occupation: the first one in October 1860, the British and French troops occupied Beijing, the Qing imperial court “North hunting,” Rehe was forced to sign under the “Beijing Treaty”; magnificent incomparable, unparalleled imperial garden Yuanmingyuan was one of the invaders destroyed torch. The second occasion was in August 1900, Power Allied Forces occupied Beijing, the Qing imperial court fled to Xi’an, panic, and later forced to sign the “Boxer Protocol”; Eight soldiers divided the capital of China, in order to insult the Chinese, who points out ceremony was held at the Forbidden City, the armed through the palace. The third occasion was in December 1937, Japanese troops occupied Nanjing, the capital of China, the implementation of brutal massacres, causing an extremely rare human history, tragedy, China was forced to move the capital of Chongqing; Since then, traversing the iron heel of Japanese imperialism in North China , east, central and southern half of China’s territory.

Modern Capital – the imperialist force weaker countries to sign the unequal treaties, the capitalist system, the worst of the norms governing international relations. Feudal China, as a big country, in the face of advanced Western capitalist system of production relations and productive forces, it was a weak and backward country. Modern China was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with foreign powers, led to China became a semi-feudal society, an important factor. This unequal treaty system, covering many areas with very serious consequences: first, the great damage to China’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, including the cession of territory, control of transfer of territory rights, concessions, and concessions, water rights, the right of warships Zhu Bo, inland navigation rights, such as the right garrison; second, unilateral opening of ports; third, undermined China’s tariff autonomy; fourth, undermining China’s judicial sovereignty and integrity; Fifthly, to provide a one-sided MFN or any other country can follow such a provision, the interest obtained from China; sixth provide for free trade of opium; seventh to provide free missionary; 8th, involving a large number of external awards. Powers of China’s war of aggression, violating China’s territory, undermining China’s sovereignty and killing Chinese soldiers and civilians, looting of Chinese property, cause great damage to China. In these wars, the Great Powers are hurt the party, China is the injured party, and China deserves to them to claim compensation, but the result was a war powers forced China to pay high compensation costs. External compensation is a modern China, a heavy burden. In addition to war reparations, there are lesson plans and other names of the compensation award. Rough statistics, the Qing government period (1841-1911) the actual total amount of indemnity 965 million taels of silver, the Republican period (1912-1949) is 6000 million. Compensation of the actual but also complex. In order to indemnity, the West Bank of China to a large number of borrowers, to pay a lot of interest, kickbacks, and other interests.

In the unequal treaty system, China’s independence, sovereignty can no longer have been reduced to a low level of the! Chinese people has been tremendous abuse and exploitation. This is the semi-feudal society of China.

Taking the socialist road is the modern Chinese history, the inevitable result of the development of

As a long history, China and neighboring countries, relations with Western countries experienced a prolonged era. Before the Opium War, with China as the center, formed the Oriental system of international relations. In this system, China is not concerned with the development of the Western world. The development of Western capitalism and colonialism and expansion, through the Opium War with China, closely linked. Western-style system of international relations with artillery as a forward, to the colonial system of trade and quickly push the East, so as to maintain the moral and dignity of the Oriental system of international relations will soon defeated. China’s humiliation, indemnity, ceded the sovereignty of the eroded land and the poor environment of international relations in the struggle. By the early 20th century, namely, “Boxer Protocol” was signed after, in terms of international relations point of view, or from the perspective of the historical process of China, said China’s national potential to sink all went to the “bottom.”

The failure and humiliation, China’s advanced elements in the thinking and began to wake up. A group of thinkers of the early reformers considerable criticism of the Westernization Movement. They criticized the Westernization only know how to “barbarians skills” and will only hit the West art is superficial, without the essentials of Western art. As a result, Kang Yu-wei, Liang and Kuang Hsu Emperor in support, launched the Hundred Days Reform. Within a hundred days, political, economic, military, legal, school education aspects of the Zhao Yu, like snowflakes, like to fly, seemingly vigorous, accomplish a great deal look. But the coup followed, Guangxu imprisoned, Kang and Liang flee Liujunzi bloody mouth food market. Farmers in North China’s anti-imperialist patriotic movement also failed in a pool of blood. This stubborn feudal autocratic government, how can we lead the country’s reform and progress?

Sun Yat-sen was the beginning of the 20th century, profoundly reveals the direction of China’s social development in an outstanding revolutionaries. In difficult explorations, he clearly pointed out nation, civil rights, people’s livelihood and the three major ideas, and create a complete sense of the national democratic revolution in modern China. 1911 Revolution successful, destruction followed in China 2000 years of feudal monarchy, established in accordance with the design concept of the bourgeois democratic forms of new countries. However, the 1911 Revolution, the state power to the hands of Yuan Shikai and the northern warlords, warlords battle, the country no peace, times of hardship, the country’s independence and democracy, and prosperity is still no hope.

54 period, the progressive intellectuals boldly raised the banner of democracy and science, from the ideological, moral and cultural aspects of a profound criticism of feudalism, thus opening a prelude to the Enlightenment ideology. Some people are suspicious of the capitalist society, put forward the transformation of Chinese society programs. Russia’s October Revolution had an important impact on them, they saw the workers to become masters of the country for the first time that it was “the victory of socialism,” “the world’s working-class victory, the victory of the twentieth century, new trend.” This idea affected the direction of development of the New Culture Movement, but also affected the direction of development of the movement 54. 54 period, the widespread dissemination of Marxism in China and China’s domestic and foreign troubles intensified, prompting the advanced intellectuals gathered under the banner of Marxism. The establishment of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and became the leader of the Chinese revolutionary movement, it was adapted to the needs of history.

The 20th century, 20 years, the help of the Chinese Communist Party, the Kuomintang held its first National Congress to form the first KMT-CPC cooperation, and achieved a victory to defeat the northern warlords. However, since Chiang Kai-shek monopoly on the leadership of the national revolution, betrayal of the KMT-CPC cooperation, resulting in co-operation broke down, the Chinese civil war situation. In 1937, due to the Japanese imperialists launched a full war of aggression against China, the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang in the face of an unprecedented national crisis once again join hands to mobilize people across the country together against Japanese aggression, and eventually achieved victory in this war. Anti-Japanese War after the victory of the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek insisted dictatorship, led to the breakdown of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.

In this process, represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, the Chinese communists to Marxism-Leninism with the realities of the Chinese revolution, created Mao Zedong Thought, the formation of the new democratic revolution in theory and under the guidance of this theory, the strategy against imperialism and feudalism Strategy and the proposed guiding the Chinese revolution to victory in the correct policy, pointed out that China must first pass through the new-democratic, and then entered the socialist path of development for the establishment of new China has laid a solid political and ideological foundation.

New China should take the socialist road, is the development of modern Chinese history, the inevitable result.

After the Fourth Movement, especially after the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation is to capitalism as the direction of national development, or the direction of socialism as the country’s development is that many people, particularly intellectuals are thinking about the issue, but also concerned about the direction of China’s social development of political parties serious thought. Programs in a variety of national salvation, the Three People’s Principles and socialism most affected. These two trends of thought or doctrine of the dissemination and implementation, have affected the development direction of Chinese society. In modern China, which political forces be able to lead people to win the victory of democratic revolution, which political forces can be obtained to guide China to take the initiative in what way.

Three People’s Principles is the Sun Yat-sen in the early 20th century, the international and domestic situations proposed by the political and ideological stand of the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution of the basic program. Such claims, or program, and in 1924 for the first time the Chinese Kuomintang after Sun Yat-sen National Congress of the re-elaborated, reflecting the then Kuomintang-Communist cooperation against the northern warlords requirements. Reflect the thinking of social transformation is the Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the people’s livelihood ideology. Early in 1925 after the death of Sun Yat-sen, the KMT’s split with China’s Three People’s Principles was the KMT advocated by different political careerists are tampered with. Tampered with after the “Three People’s Principles” goes against the Sun Yat-sen, “United Russia, to co-workers to help farmers” policy against Marxism, against the socialist doctrine, and the massacres against the Communist Party advocated suppression of worker-peasant movement. The Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek departed from the interests of the masses, contrary to the way forward in modern Chinese history, and finally decide the fate of Chinese history, thoroughly lost a big battle. Three People’s Principles can not save China, on such a big battle was confirmed.